This tutorial continues from the Introduction to Programming Languages and covers programming paradigms and how languages have evolved.
Programming Paradigms
A programming paradigm is a style or approach to writing programs. The major paradigms are:
- Procedural Programming – Programs are written as a sequence of instructions (procedures). Examples: C, Pascal, BASIC.
- Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) – Programs are organized around objects that contain data and methods. Examples: Java, C++, Python.
- Functional Programming – Computation is treated as the evaluation of mathematical functions. Examples: Haskell, Lisp, Erlang.
- Logic Programming – Programs are written as a set of logical rules and facts. Example: Prolog.
Evolution of Popular Languages
Fortran (1957) was one of the first high-level languages, designed for scientific computing. C (1972) became the foundation for modern systems programming. Java (1995) introduced platform independence with the JVM. Python (1991) gained popularity for its readability and versatility.
For more on Java specifically, see Introduction to Java Programming.
Related: All ICT Tutorials